Informative Speech Hybrid Animals Outline Essay Example

Informative Speech Hybrid Animals Outline Paper Connective (Internal Preview): To start off, I will explain about the types of hybrid animal is, the genetic composition, and the species of animal hybrids. Body Main Points: I. The first type of animal hybrid is avian hybrid. A. Avian hybrids are slightly smaller than normal avian species. 1. Avian hybrids like turkey-chicken hybrids have a smaller and lighter body 2. Their average weight are 5 to 7 pounds (2 to 4 keg). B. Avian hybrid has different fur colors. 1 . Avian hybrids such as turkey-chicken hybrid have black markings in certain fur areas, brownish and lighter color according to their animal parents. C. Avian hybrids can be found only in certain countries. . Avian hybrids can only be found in certain countries like Brazil, Mexico, New Zealand, and Ignited States of America. Connective (Transition): Now that I have told you about what avian hybrid is, I will now proceed to the second types of animal hybrid. II. The second type of animal hybrid is mammalian hybrid. A. Mammalian hybrid are bigger than normal mammalian species. 1. Mammalian hybrid like ligers typically grow larger than humans and their parent species thus making it the largest cats in the world. . Their average weight are 800 to 1200 pounds (363 to 544 keg). B. Mammalian hybrid has different fur colors. 1. Mammalian hybrid like ligers have lighter fur tones on its body. C. Mammalian hybrid can be found in captivity or zoo 1 . Mammalian hybrid can only be found in captivity or zoo because the habitats of the parental species do not overlap in the wild. Connective (Transition): Now that I have told you about the mammal ian hybrids, I will continue to the third type of animal hybrid. Ill. The third and final type of animal hybrid is reptilian hybrid. We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Speech Hybrid Animals Outline specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Speech Hybrid Animals Outline specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Speech Hybrid Animals Outline specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A. Reptilian hybrid are bigger than normal reptilian species. . Reptilian hybrid such as creators is slightly bigger than their parent species which is gecko. 2. Their average weight are 1. 5 to 3. 2 grams upon hatching. B. Reptilian hybrid has different skin colors. 1 . Reptilian hybrid like creators have darker skin color compare to their parent species. C. Reptilian hybrid can be found in Latin America country 1. Reptilian hybrid can be found in certain places with heavy tropical country like Brazil, Colombia, and the Amazon rainforests. Connective (Transition): I have completed explaining about the types of hybrid animals, now lets proceed to the conclusion. Conclusion l. In conclusion, the hybrid animals cannot live longer because hybridism animals and may not be as genetically strong as naturally evolved region specific wild ancestors wildlife which can survive without human husbandry and have high immunity to natural diseases. II. There are uniqueness about avian hybrid, mammalian hybrid and finally, about the reptilian hybrid as well as their sizes, fur and skin colors, and also where those animals can be found. Ill .

Batman and the Bush Administration essays

Batman and the Bush Administration essays Smoke billows out from a Manhattan skyscraper, damaged by a fiery explosion. This could easily be a scene from 9/11, however we see Batman looking grimly on as a poster advertises the film will be released soon. Clearly this film plays on the fears of terrorism. As depicted in The Dark Knight, the Joker plays the terrorist, while Gotham's leadership struggles to contain him. The film departs from the superhero ideals of pure good versus pure evil, showing a murky world where moral decisions have to be made in order to stop evil. Because of this, The Dark Knight seems to be an allegory for the War on Terrorism. This paper will look at how the Joker represents terrorism, while Batman represents George Bush and his administration's War on Terror. The Dark Knight opens with a predictable bank robbery. Masked robbers enter a bank, fire a few shots, and try to crack a safe. During the sequence a few of the thugs are discussing who exactly the Joker is. Because of the tilted camera angles something seems askew. Later the Joker kills all his assistant robbers, likely in an effort to protect himself. According to a report from the Defense Technical Information Center, terrorist leadership often tricks fanatics into suicide attacks because it too leaves little evidence they can be tied too (Miyasato). Ostensibly the Joker killed his fellow robbers for similar reasons. In one act of random violence the Joker kidnaps a Batman look-a-like a man he knows is not his real archenemy and proceeds to execute him in a gory manner. He then releases this video to a TV station. This seems like al-Qaida's video of the beheading of journalist Daniel Pearl. The terrorists too knew Pearl was not their military opponent, however they still killed him. Later CBS decided to air the video (Barringer), much like the TV studio in Gotham. In both Gotham and real life these videos were just a mouthpiece for the terrorists to spread fear. The Joker appears motiv...

Adamantinoma of the Right Tibia Case Study

Adamantinoma of the Right Tibia Case Study INTRODUCTION: Adamantinoma is low grade malignant tumor of fibroblast origin. Also called as primary epidermoid carcinoma of bone, malignant angioblastoma or epithelial tumor of bone. It was first described by Fischer in 1913. 1 It represents less than 0.4% of all malignant bone tumors. 2 The exact origin of adamantinoma is unknown, the classic variant is composed of epithelial cells and osteofibrous components. It is more prevalent in men than in women, ratio being 5:4. The common age of presentation is in the second decade, though it can vary greatly between the second to fifth decades. 3 The common site of occurrence is the ramus of the mandible. The other uncommon locations include shaft of long bones (97%), mid-shaft of tibia (80%-85%). 4 Other rare locations includes the humerus, ulna, femur, fibula and radius but ribs, spine, metatarsal and carpal bones. 5 The characteristic features of adamantinoma is slow, gradual development with high chances of local recurrences and also metastases to lungs. 6 In this case study, we have presented a rare histological acanthomatous variant of adamantinoma of the right tibia with metastases to the right inguinal region. CASE REPORT: A 45 year old male patient presented with history of pain in right leg since 3-4 months, insidious onset, gradually progressive, aggravated on exercise, relieved on rest and medication. Later patient had no relief on medication. There was no history of trauma or fall preceeding to onset of symptoms. The patient also complained of swelling in the right groin since 1 month, without pain. On examination, the patient was stable. Local examination showed, a swelling of about 5X3cm in the upper end right leg, tender, well defined, hard in consistency, smooth surface, involving the right knee joint line. There was restriction of movement, but range of movements was present. Examination of right inguinal region revealed a 7X6cm firm, non-matted mass, immobile, non-tender, non-reducible, non -pulsatile mass. Local examination of penis, scrotum, anal canal, hernia orifices was normal. Baseline investigations were done, all the haematological parameters were normal, ultrasound abdomen and chest radiograph was normal. Plain radiograph of right tibia showed large central lytic lesion with sclerotic margins, involving the upper end and shaft of tibia without involvement of right knee joint. Supra-patellar amputation of right leg with right inguinal and right external iliac nodal dissection was done. Histopathological examination of the mass was done. The reported was suggestive of acanthomatous adamantionoma. The features are as described, central area of squamous cell nests which were well differentiated with keratinization surrounded by a rim of myxoid cells. Further immunohistochemistry(IHC) study was done to confirm the diagnosis. IHC was also consistent with the diagnosis and confirmed the diagnosis. Positivity was found for cytokeratin(CK), EMA, CK-19, CK-5, CK-6, P-63 , and Ki-67 and vimentin. Also metastases to right inguinal lymph node was confirmed. DISCUSSION: The first bone tumor with epithelial characteristic was reported by Maier in 1900, later in 1913 Fischer termed it as adamantinoma. It is more common in men than in women. The age of presentation varies between the second to fifth decade. The uncommon sites includes the shaft of long bones(97%), of which the mid-shaft of tibia being the most common site(80-85%). The symptoms at presentation include pain with localised swelling. Swelling is the most common symptom. Pain may be present due to history of repetitive trauma associated with adamantinoma. 7 Adamantinoma is low grade malignant tumor, and can metastasize to loco-regional nodal areas and to lungs at presentation. The patient in the case report was also a middle aged man in the fifth decade with pain and swelling in the right tibia since 3-4 months and swelling in the right groin.

Content Analysis of a Recent Film Compared to 1934 Production Code Essay

Content Analysis of a Recent Film Compared to 1934 Production Code - Essay Example In addition, the Hollywood Production Codes state that any form of dress that is indecent and is aimed at revealing the private parts of individuals to make have sedate looks are prohibited in the filming industry. These are cases that should not be included in the films since they depict negative pictures to the society. In addition, such films associated with violence, nudity as well as sensations may instill negative habits, lessons and behaviors in the society. The â€Å"Twilight: Breaking Dawn† is one of the most recent films in the American filming industry that contradicts the Hollywood Production Codes of filming in the American society. The film â€Å"Twilight: Breaking Dawn† is one of the films that was introduced in theaters on 16th November 2012. The film was written by Melissa Rosenberg and Stephen Meyer, directed by Bill Condon and produced by Wyck Godfrey, Stephen Meyer as well as Karen Rosenfelt (Doherty, 25). Following the contents of the film, it has been rated a PG-13 due to several reasons. The film â€Å"Twilight: Breaking Dawn† has three biggest problems with regards to the provisions of the Film Production Codes. Some of these include several sequences and series of violence as well as disturbing images. Moreover, the film is known for its contents of sensuality (Black, 47). The other problem is the partial nudity photos associated with the film. These have seen the film rated as PG-13. The film introduces several captions associate with sensual passions coupled with sexual arousal. The character Bella is seen to engage in sexually suggestive acts with Edward in the film. This is associated with increased sexual and emotional arousal in the minds of the viewers. Such situations also depict negative lessons to the minds of the youngsters who may be curios to experiment what they saw in such films. This is strongly prohibited by the

Media, Culture and Society Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Media, Culture and Society - Assignment Example From the research, the number of female celebrities covered in the newspaper was generally lower than that of males in all the newspapers. For instance, in the Daily Mirror, the number of males covered during this period was 12 as compared to that of females which was 6. This gives approximately 33% of female celebrities out of all the celebrities covered. About 90% of the women in the magazines had their images underdressed. On the other hand images of men were well clothed. In the field of sports, the male to female ratio was 3:1.  From the research, the number of female celebrities covered in the newspaper was generally lower than that of males in all the newspapers. For instance, in the Daily Mirror, the number of males covered during this period was 12 as compared to that of females which was 6. This gives approximately 33% of female celebrities out of all the celebrities covered. About 90% of the women in the magazines had their images underdressed. On the other hand images o f men were well clothed. In the field of sports, the male to female ratio was 3:1.   Most of these newspapers showed the dominance of celebrities aged between 16-32 years. Those beyond this range were under-represented with an average percentage of about 20%.the newspapers covered very little regarding children. In addition, the newspapers presented various attitudes concerning the weight and body sizes of celebrities. Words such as ‘sexy’ and ‘hot’ were associated with slim and light weighted ladies. On the other hand, the perceptions of ladies having a weight exceeding 55kg were portrayed negatively. Most of these papers emphasized on sliming. For instance, both the ‘The Daily Mirror’ and ‘The Sun’ had an article headed â€Å"How to slim in 1 month†. Several conclusions can be pulled from this study. Generally, the males dominate the celebrity field. This implies that gender equality is suppressed in the Newspapers. In a ddition, young people are the majority in the newspapers. It can be concluded that those represented are in the sexually active age. The older generation is inactive and hence least covered.   Another important issue regards the field of sports. There are fewer females participating in the field of sports. From this, it is clear that females are not adequately presented in sports activities.

Greek mathematician Pythagoras Essay Example for Free

Greek mathematician Pythagoras Essay Pythagoras was a Greek philosopher and mathematician. He was born in Samos, Ionia around 580 b.c. Thales, who was another philosopher was the main teacher of Pythagoras. Pythagoras went to study further in Egypt so Thales couldnt teach him anymore. In Pythagoras teenage years, he began to become known for his philosophic ideas. He also succeeded in math, astronomy, wrestling, and music. In music, he figured out that when a string is vibrating, the longer or shorter it is makes a difference in the tune of the note. In astronomy, he taught that the earth was a sphere, and in math he compared the difference between composite and prime numbers, discovered irrational numbers, and proved the Pythagorean Theorem. This stated that when the two shorter sides in a right triangle were squared and then added, it would equal the square of the longest side or hypotenuse. This was known earlier, but he was the first one to really prove it was true. He soon moved from his home in Italy to a place called Crotona. In Crotona, he found a wife named Theano and founded a school based on philosophy and religion. While in Crotona he discovered many things and even had some followers. Pythagoras followers called themselves the Pythagoreans. In order to become a Pythagorean , you had to follow a couple of strict rules. One of the rules was silence. This meant that you could never share any of your own ideas with the others and that you could only listen to your fellow Pythagoreans. Another rule was avoiding the ingestion of meat. An interesting thing about his school was that if you joined you were automatically a Pythagorean so that meant if you were a student, youd have to obey the rules also. His followers also believed in reincarnation. Reincarnation- when one dies, their soul is transferred to another human beings body. Pythagoras died in Metapontum, Lucania in 500 b.c. Historians think that he  fled and just barely escaped death when violence broke out in Crotona. When he died, a lot of his ideas were forgotten. We will always miss our dear Pythagorus.

Organic Molecules Challenge :: essays research papers

Organic Molecules Challenge Silicon's Reign as King of Semiconductors There is a revolution fomenting in the semiconductor industry. It may take 30 years or more to reach perfection, but when it does the advance may be so great that today's computers will be little more than calculators compared to what will come after. The revolution is called molecular electronics, and its goal is to depose silicon as king of the computer chip and put carbon in its place. The perpetrators are a few clever chemists trying to use pigment, proteins, polymers, and other organic molecules to carry out the same task that microscopic patterns of silicon and metal do now. For years these researchers worked in secret, mainly at their blackboards, plotting and planning. Now they are beginning to conduct small forays in the laboratory, and their few successes to date lead them to believe they were on the right track. "We have a long way to go before carbon-based electronics replace silicon-based electronics, but we can see now that we hope to revolutionize computer design and performance," said Robert R. Birge, a professor of chemistry, Carnegie- Mellon University, Pittsburgh. "Now it's only a matter of time, hard work, and some luck before molecular electronics start having a noticeable impact." Molecular electronics is so named because it uses molecules to act as the "wires" and "switches" of computer chips. Wires, may someday be replaced by polymers that conduct electricity, such as polyacetylene and polyphenylenesulfide. Another candidate might be organometallic compounds such as porphyrins and phthalocyanines which also conduct electricity. When crystallized, these flat molecules stack like pancakes, and metal ions in their centers line up with one another to form a one-dimensional wire. Many organic molecules can exist in two distinct stable states that differ in some measurable property and are interconvertable. These could be switches of molecular electronics. For example, bacteriorhodpsin, a bacterial pigment, exists in two optical states: one state absorbs green light, the other orange. Shinning green light on the green-absorbing state converts it into the orange state and vice versa. Birge and his coworkers have developed high density memory drives using bacteriorhodopsin. Although the idea of using organic molecules may seem far-fetched, it happens every day throughout nature. "Electron transport in photosynthesis one of the most important energy generating systems in nature, is a real-world example of what we're trying to do," said Phil Seiden, manager of molecular science, IBM, Yorkstown Heights, N.Y. Birge, who heads the Center for Molecular Electronics at Carnegie-Mellon, said two factors are driving this developing revolution, more speed and less space. "Semiconductor chip designers are always trying to cram more electronic

Unhealthy Lifestyle

CAUSES OF UNHEALTHY LIFESTYLE An unhealthy lifestyle is one of the major contributor to health issue which is growing at an alarming rate issue in whole world as well. People influence their own health through their unhealthy lifestyles such as unhealthy diet,alcohol assumption and smoking and poor sleep hygiene. One of the critical causes is having an unhealthy diet. There is no doubt that the food that we eat significantly impact our health. The surge in the consumption of high fat foods can lead to compromised health and excessive weight.An unbalanced diet ensures the body can't gets the essential nutrients it needs to protects the body from certain diseases. In addition,alcohol consumption and smoking are the sources that lead to unhealthy lifestyle. Smoking is a harmful lifestyle as it seriously affect our health. In fact, Smoking may cause addict and hard to eliminate the habit . Too much intake of alcohol is not advisable. Drinking can be a slippery slope, as excessive drinkin g can cause problems in virtually every area of a person’s life.Futhermore,poor sleep hygiene is also major causes of unhealthy lifetyle which a large fraction of teenagers are involved in . Teenagers mostly spend their time staying in front of the computer all night long without sleeping. Slowly, they will mess up their time which is the opposite way and so even skip their breakfast . This situation clearly alert us that poor sleep hygiene will seriously affect our health . Unhealthy lifestyle of many today leads to poor health. Prevent is better than cure. As early as possible, we have to live a healthy lifestyle . (276 words)

Of Mice and Men- Candy character analysis Essay

Steinbeck presents Candy as a vulnerable character. He does this by referencing him as an â€Å"old man† before citing his name, using pre-modification; so that the reader instantly knows not only his physical state but maybe that metaphorically he is a weak person. He is also shown to be desperate throughout the opening of chapter 2, where he tries to make friends with George and Lennie as soon as he meets them. He gossips about other people on the ranch and makes sure George â€Å"won’t tell Curley nothing†. This quote alone indicates Candy is lonely and just wants to have friends but deep down is afraid of the other men on the ranch, implying he doesn’t have many friends on the ranch at all, therefore he needs to be welcoming and confident towards George and Lennie to gain their friendship but this quote gives away his fear of Curley finding out he was talking about him and throwing him off the ranch, leading the reader to believe the ranch is the only place Candy can call home. This idea of Candy being completely alone and having no where else to go is reinforced when Steinbeck introduces Candy’s â€Å"ancient dog†, the use of pre-modification again this time with the word â€Å"ancient† helps to show that like his owner this dog is old, the lexis â€Å"ancient† has the connotations of being so old it could be considered an artifact or piece of history, this concept could suggest that Candy’s dog is in fact a part of the history of the ranch that is why he is still there because even though his dog is old and useless he is still allowed on the ranch even with no purpose, just like Candy staying on the ranch with no hand, meaning he cannot do any proper jobs except â€Å"settin’ out the wash basins†. However when Steinbeck introduces the dog at first, Candy says â€Å"my dog†, this possessive lexis could suggest Candy is proud of his dog especially as he goes on to say â€Å"he was a good sheepdog when he was younger†, you could take this quote as a declarative, him protecting but also bragging about his dog. A conflicting idea could be that Candy and dog are similar that is why Candy likes to talk and brag about his dog, Steinbeck writes for both that they are â€Å"old† and â€Å"ancient† but both are disabled in that Candy has lost his hand and the dog is so old and decrepit it cannot hunt or feed itself. Both are looking for a companion that could take care of them, they have a codependent relationship. This idea could be considered a recurring theme as some say Lennie and Georges’ relationship is co-dependent, even though George wouldn’t admit it due to his controlling personality. So the reason Candy brags about his dog is because he really wants to prove himself, and that he was in fact worthy of being on the ranch. This point of Candy and his dog being similar supports my original idea, which was that using the descriptions of Candy and his dog we find that Candy is in fact just like an old animal, a useful and valued member of any ranch as opposed to just something that takes up space, money and food.

Free Essays on The Sketchbook

The Sketchbook Washington Irving wrote 32 short stories to for The Sketchbook. The Sketchbook is mainly concerned in trying to make America similar to England. Irving writes The Sketchbook in such a unique way that the themes in it have a broad range. Irving’s unique writing style throughout The Sketchbook shows is symbolism, stereotypical characters, and story with a story type o writing. Through symbolism Irving conveys his patriotism. Throughout The Sketchbook Irving has many symbols that relate to patriotism. One major symbol used by Irving is the â€Å"eagle†. It is brought up in stories such as â€Å"Christmas Day† and â€Å"Spectra Bride†. It represents the reality of America’s new freedom. By Irving’s enphasis on the eagle, it clearly showed his true hope for America to survive its tough times. Another important symbol is the â€Å"forest†. The â€Å"forest† symbolizes the vast space in America. Irving also symbolizes the Indians ignorance through â€Å"sleep†. He mentions â€Å"sleep† in stories like â€Å"The Angler†, â€Å"John Bull†, and others emphasizing strongly that he believes the Indians are ignorant and not aware of anything around them. In The Sketchbook, Irving is stereotypical with the Indians and the women. In â€Å"Traits of Indian Character†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Irving makes many demeaning statement about the Indians. He uses the word â€Å"savage† as one that would make them seem beast-like. â€Å"†¦we too often find the Indians on our frontier to be the more wrecks† clearly showing his disgust with the Indian way of life. Throughout â€Å"Traits of Indian Character†, Irving stereotypes the Indians as uncivilized people, but in the end Irving attempts to justify their behavior by focusing on the surroundings they had to endure. In â€Å"Rip Van Winkle† Irving stereotypes women as nagging and domineering. Much like â€Å"The Devil and Tom Walker†, in which women were looked upon as bad people and t... Free Essays on The Sketchbook Free Essays on The Sketchbook The Sketchbook Washington Irving wrote 32 short stories to for The Sketchbook. The Sketchbook is mainly concerned in trying to make America similar to England. Irving writes The Sketchbook in such a unique way that the themes in it have a broad range. Irving’s unique writing style throughout The Sketchbook shows is symbolism, stereotypical characters, and story with a story type o writing. Through symbolism Irving conveys his patriotism. Throughout The Sketchbook Irving has many symbols that relate to patriotism. One major symbol used by Irving is the â€Å"eagle†. It is brought up in stories such as â€Å"Christmas Day† and â€Å"Spectra Bride†. It represents the reality of America’s new freedom. By Irving’s enphasis on the eagle, it clearly showed his true hope for America to survive its tough times. Another important symbol is the â€Å"forest†. The â€Å"forest† symbolizes the vast space in America. Irving also symbolizes the Indians ignorance through â€Å"sleep†. He mentions â€Å"sleep† in stories like â€Å"The Angler†, â€Å"John Bull†, and others emphasizing strongly that he believes the Indians are ignorant and not aware of anything around them. In The Sketchbook, Irving is stereotypical with the Indians and the women. In â€Å"Traits of Indian Character†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Irving makes many demeaning statement about the Indians. He uses the word â€Å"savage† as one that would make them seem beast-like. â€Å"†¦we too often find the Indians on our frontier to be the more wrecks† clearly showing his disgust with the Indian way of life. Throughout â€Å"Traits of Indian Character†, Irving stereotypes the Indians as uncivilized people, but in the end Irving attempts to justify their behavior by focusing on the surroundings they had to endure. In â€Å"Rip Van Winkle† Irving stereotypes women as nagging and domineering. Much like â€Å"The Devil and Tom Walker†, in which women were looked upon as bad people and t...

How might an organization create and sustain competitive advantage Essay

How might an organization create and sustain competitive advantage through the strategic use of design thinking Your task for t - Essay Example 2). Design thinking has been shown to be the process through which individuals within organizations identify particular issues and through strategic thinking develop viable solutions, which are mainly focused on improving future results to the organization. It is therefore a process whereby the innovation starts from the goal or purpose intended to be achieved as against from the problems to be solved (Wattanasupachoke, 2012, p. 1; Kevin and Ron, 2008, p. 8-10). Through critical analysis of issues in current as well as future perspectives, design thinking explores the parameters of the issues and then resolutions are explored simultaneously. This system is therefore uniquely applied within trading organizations as against scientific methods, which are adopted for solving problems. Design thinking is therefore an emerging trend that trading organizations are adopting in order to create as well as sustain competitive advantage in business environment against other competing organizatio ns. It is a popular notion among business organizations that yesterday’s innovation can never guarantee tomorrows competence hence the need to encourage the innovation spirit (Maier and Zenovia, 2011, p. 975). Manufacturing and technical organizations are basic examples, which adopt effectively the design-thinking framework. In such an example to an organization, which bears the traits of manufacturing and technical attributes, we consider the Volkswagen automotives company. This project therefore has the main objective as being the analysis of design thinking as an effective tool to be adopted within the locomotive industry with a special attention to Volkswagen. The Volkswagen is a brand name for a group of entrepreneurs; companies whose main area of operation is within the automotive industry. They are well known for the manufacture and sale of the Volkswagen, Audi, Skoda, SEAT, Bentley, Lamborghini, Bugatti, and Porsch

Econ reading Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Econ reading - Assignment Example On the contrary, Fiat money is the one that does not have intrinsic value. Fiat money may be utilized upon government decree. On the other hand, demand deposits are account balances in a bank that depositors may obtain via writing a check upon request. Therefore, demand deposits should be included in the stock money in order to measure the value of money in the stock (Mankiw, 2011). The U.S Federal Reserve System acts as a central bank, it sets monetary policies in an economy. The Federal group is appointed by the president upon senate approval. Fed can increase the amount money in circulation through open market operation, whereby, Fed can make dollars and utilize them to buy bonds this led to an increase the amount of money in circulation (Mankiw, 2011). On the contrary, banks do not hold 100 reserves because they lend some money to earn profits. The relationship between amount of reserves and amount of money in the banking system a rises because banks accepts deposits from the pub lic and lend out some deposits while ensuring proportion bank reserve is maintained (Mankiw, 2011). If bank A has a leverage ratio of 10, while Bank B has a leverage ratio of 20 whereby, similar losses on bank loans at the two banks cause the value of their assets to fall by 7 percent. The above statement indicates that bank B showed a larger change in bank capital than bank A because its capital value declined twice as much as bank A. However, the two banks remained solvent because they can be able to meet their financial obligation. Connectively, discount rate is an interest rate charged by Fed to commercial banks when advancing loans, when Fed raises discount rates, the amount of money in circulation decreases (Mankiw, 2011). Discount rate is the interest rate charged by Fed to commercial bank on borrowed funds, when Fed raises the discount rates, bank reserve decrease this in turn causes the cost of borrowing to increase. This discourages borrowing and consequently reduces the a mount of money in circulation (Mankiw, 2011). . On the other hand, a reserve requirement is the amount of funds that a bank should retain after advancing loans. Whereby, an increase in reserve requirement causes an increase in reserve ratio, this in turn leads to a decrease in money supply. Additionally, Fed can not perfectly control the supply money because it does not have control of the amount of money held in the pockets of households. Secondly, Fed does not have control of the amount of money advanced as loans by the banks (Mankiw, 2011). 2.) Answer Questions for Review #1 in the middle of page 666 The value of money may be affected through increasing price level. This is because the money tends to lose its value this further reduces the purchasing power of money. According to the quantity theory of money, an increase in quantity of money leads to an increase in inflation rates. In above connection, nominal variables are those measured in monetary terms while real variables are those that can be measured in physical terms. According to the principle of monetary neutrality, nominal variables may be affected by changes in quantity of money. Inflation is like a tax in the senses that when government print money, the amount of money held by people losses value due to increase in money supply (Mankiw, 2011). According to Fishers effect, an increase in inflation rate causes real interest to fall. On the hand, nominal interest rate increases. The cost of inflation may involve menu cost that causes the company to adjust its prices such cost of printing new catalogues, advertising to mention just but a few. The most important cost for the U.S economy is inflation cost because an increase the tax burden